Challenges to Elephant Connectivity From Border Fences in the World’s Largest Transfrontier Conservation Area

In the heart of southern Africa lies the Kavango-Zambezi Transfrontier Conservation Area (KAZA), a sprawling 520,000 km² sanctuary that spans Angola, Botswana, Namibia, Zambia, and Zimbabwe. This vast landscape is home to approximately 220,000 African elephants, representing nearly half of the continent’s remaining savanna elephant population.

However, a recent study published in Frontiers in Conservation Science highlights a pressing concern: the proliferation of border fences is disrupting the natural migratory routes of these majestic creatures. These fences, often erected for veterinary control or to delineate national boundaries, are fragmenting habitats and hindering elephants’ access to essential resources.

The research underscores that while fences may serve human interests, they pose significant challenges to wildlife conservation. Elephants, known for their long-distance migrations, rely on unobstructed corridors to find food, water, and mates. When these paths are blocked, it can lead to increased human-wildlife conflicts, genetic isolation, and heightened stress for the animals.

The authors advocate for a reevaluation of fencing policies within KAZA. They suggest that collaborative efforts among the member countries are essential to balance human needs with ecological integrity. By prioritizing transboundary cooperation and considering alternative methods of land management, it’s possible to ensure both the safety of human communities and the preservation of elephant populations.

This study serves as a poignant reminder that conservation is not just about protecting species but also about fostering coexistence. In regions like KAZA, where wildlife and human interests intersect, thoughtful planning and international collaboration are key to sustaining biodiversity for generations to come.